Medial luxating patella (MLP) is a common orthopaedic condition where the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position toward the inside of the knee. It can cause pain, lameness and, in some dogs, progressive joint damage if left untreated.

With appropriate assessment and treatment, most dogs return to a comfortable, active life.

In a normal knee, the patella sits within a groove (the trochlear groove) and moves smoothly as the dog walks or runs. In dogs with MLP the kneecap slips medially – occasionally or constantly – disrupting normal knee biomechanics. Over time, repeated luxation can contribute to cartilage wear, inflammation, and arthritis.

Signs range from mild and intermittent to persistent and painful. Dogs may show:

• Skipping or hopping on one hind leg
• Sudden lifting of the leg while running
• Intermittent or persistent hind-limb limping
• Stiffness after rest
• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs

Veterinarians classify MLP into four grades based on severity.

MLP is not just a kneecap problem – it often involves abnormal limb alignment, a shallow trochlear groove, or rotational deformity of the femur or tibia. Orthopaedic assessment determines whether surgery is recommended, which techniques are required, and whether one or multiple corrective procedures are needed. Early assessment and treatment reduces long-term joint damage.

Most dogs begin using the limb within days, with controlled exercise essential during healing and a return to activity over several weeks. Specialist orthopaedic care provides accurate grading, tailored surgical planning, advanced pain control, and structured rehabilitation – improving both short-term recovery and long-term joint health.

MLP can be confusing, especially when signs seem mild at first. Orthopaedic assessment clarifies whether monitoring or surgery is the best option, the right timing for intervention, and what outcome to realistically expect. Most dogs, when treated appropriately, return to happy, active lives.